UR #1: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Protostars

A couple of weeks ago we put out a call for descriptions of research being done by undergraduates, and we got a great response! Today we’re publishing the first installment.

As a reminder, you can share what you’re doing too by emailing brief (fewer than 200 words) write-ups of your work to [email protected]. The target audience is one familiar with astrophysics but not necessarily your specific subfield, so write clearly and try to avoid jargon. Feel free to also include either a visual regarding your research or else a photo of yourself!

We look forward to hearing from you!

Samuel Grunblatt
Columbia University

I just finished my second year as an undergrad at Columbia University. This summer I was a member of the NASA Academy at Marshall Space Flight Center and did soft gamma-ray astrophysics with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor on board the Fermi satellite with Dr. Chryssa Kouveliotou.

Time Resolved Spectroscopy of Bright Bursts From SGR J1550-5418
Magnetars, slowly rotating neutron stars with tremendous magnetic fields (>1014 Gauss), are some of the most extreme objects in our Universe. Less than twenty of these objects have been discovered to date. The sources are dormant most of their lifetimes, but become randomly active, emitting multiple soft gamma-ray (SGR) bursts.  This summer, I performed spectral analysis of bursts from SGR J1550-5418 emitted during a burst active episode between 2009 January 22 – 29. All bursts analyzed were recorded with the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) on board the Fermi Observatory with a photon flux greater than 5 x 10-6 erg/s/cm2 or a fluence greater than 10-6 erg/cm2 in the 8-200 keV energy range. The time-integrated and time-resolved spectra of these bursts were fit to Comptonized, optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung (OTTB), and double black body theoretical models. From these models, we determined distributions of the temperature, peak energy, and surface area of emission, giving a clearer picture of what’s going on in the magnetar when we see these bursts, helping us to further understand the mechanism behind them.

Jack Honor
University of Wisconsin-Madison

I am currently partaking in undergraduate astrophysical research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. I am working with Barb Whitney on modeling radiative transfer in protostars. Radiative transfer is defined as energy transfer in the form of electromagnetic radiation, or light. The modeling software that was developed by Barb Whitney is currently in its fourth generation. The ability to handle new protostellar morphologies and processes was added in the newest addition.

Radiative transfer models are useful because they bridge the gap between theory and observation. When observers see an object that confuses them, they can try to model the object in order to better understand what it is. The newest generation of this code allows for 3d models, gaps in a disk surrounding the protostar, fractal clumping in matter surrounding the protostar, spiral and warp structures in the disk, external illumination by the interstellar radiation field, among many others. As our observing techniques become more sensitive and new morphologies are discovered, our modeling software needs to be able to handle the newly discovered processes. I have been testing the code to make sure it models these new morphologies correctly. Also, I have been modeling real-world protostellar objects to help put parameters on some of their physical characteristics. Soon this code will be published and open for use by the astrophysical community.

Many thanks to Samuel and Jack for their contributions!

About Astrobites

This post was written collectively by multiple members of the Astrobites team. Meet the authors of Astrobites.

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  1. Tell us about your undergraduate research! « astrobites - [...] can see our first undergraduate research post highlighting work by Samuel Grunblatt at Columbia University and Jack Honor at…
  2. UR #2: Near-Earth Objects and Hot Stars « astrobites - [...] done by undergraduates, and we got a great response! You can read the first post of this series here;…
  3. UR #3: Star Clusters and Shock-Heated Gas | astrobites - [...] UR#1: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Protostars UR#2: Near-Earth Objects and Hot Stars [...]

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