Reconstructing the histories of our nearest galactic neighbors

Reconstructing the histories of our nearest galactic neighbors

TITLE: Comparing the Ancient Star Formation Histories of the Magellanic Clouds AUTHORS: Daniel R. Weisz, Andrew E. Dolphin, Evan D. Skillman, Jon Holtzman, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Andrew A. Cole, Kyle Neary AUTHORS’ INSTITUTION: University of WashingtonThe evolution of galaxies can be investigated in two ways: we can observe galaxies at farther distances to get a picture of how galaxies appeared at earlier times (since the light from these distance sources requires time to reach our telescopes), or we can study the remnants of past events in our nearby universe. This paper is an example of the latter approach. Using archival data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the authors try to piece together the detailed history of how the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds formed their stars.The Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC) are two of the closest neighbors to our home galaxy, the Milky Way. In fact, they’re so close that they’re classified as satellite galaxies, meaning they’re gravitationally bound to the Milky Way in the same way the Earth is gravitationally bound to the Sun. They’re also rather smaller, less-thoroughly formed, and irregularly shaped than our own galaxy, being examples of dwarf galaxies. If you want to study populations of stars and how they form, it’s hard to find better subjects than the Magellanic clouds; they’re close enough that we can make out the individual stars (especially with a telescope with Hubble’s resolution) and they’ve been extensively investigated over the years, giving us a solid understanding of their sizes and distances and other properties.The stars that make up the LMC and SMC were formed over a period of many...
Grab the vacuum cleaner… it’s cosmic DUST!

Grab the vacuum cleaner… it’s cosmic DUST!

Dust is really ubiquitous in the Universe: it is everywhere from our Solar System to stars and the interstellar medium. However, the observations of dust in galaxies fall short of the prediction of how much dust there is in the Universe. In this work, the authors try to alleviate this problem by estimating the amount of dust present in clouds of gas that inhabit galaxy halos while they look for clues regarding the origin of these clouds.

Cleaning Up The Solar System

Cleaning Up The Solar System

TITLE: A Search for Vulcanoids with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager AUTHORS: A. J. Steffl, N. J. Cunningham, A. B. Shinn, D. D. Durda, S. A. Stern FIRST AUTHOR’S INSTITUTION: Southwest Research Institute, BoulderThe recent evidence for an asteroid belt in the Vega system highlights how well we’re getting to know the solar systems around other stars. But there are some surprising gaps in our knowledge of our own. Inwards of the orbit of Mercury, there exists a dynamically stable region between about 0.21 AU and 0.07 AU where objects can orbit without being perturbed by Mercury or vaporized by the Sun. As far back as 1859 astronomers proposed that there might be at least one small planet lurking in this region, at the time a potential explanation for the odd precession of Mercury, and gave this hypothetical world the name “Vulcan”. Although Mercury’s orbital behavior was later explained by Einstein using general relativity, the idea of close-in planetesimals called “Vulcanoids” stuck around. The orbital motions of Mercury, Venus, and the Sun rule out a planet, but there’s still room for smaller objects. We now know that many, many exoplanet systems feature full-blown planets that orbit far closer in to their stars than Mercury does to the Sun. Why not some debris in ours?But how could something comparatively right next door go undetected for so long? Their very closeness to the Sun makes them hard to see. From Earth’s perspective, objects in the Vulcanoid region never stray farther than about 12 degrees from the Sun in the sky. From the ground they can only be observed in the early twilight, and...