The Fate of the Milky Way

The Fate of the Milky Way

HST measurements of stellar proper motions in M31 reveal that the Andromeda galaxy is in radial (head-on collision) orbit towards the Milky Way. The huge strike will happen 4 billion years from now according to the simulations. It will likely affect also the environment of the Sun and the location of the solar system.

Snowmelt on Early Mars

Snowmelt on Early Mars

Mars is observed to have sedimentary rocks, which provide proof that liquid water once existed on the Martian surface. However, the surface of Mars would have been too cold to have permanent rivers and lakes; the authors of this paper suggest seasonal snowmelt could create enough liquid water to form these rocks.