When did massive structures of galaxies form?

When did massive structures of galaxies form?

Our current understanding of the Universe suggests that its largest structures, such as clusters and groups of galaxies, would have formed only within the second half of the Universe’s current age. However, today’s paper explores the proposed observational evidence that such structures may actually have began forming a lot earlier than we expected. This poses intriguing questions about the way we model the cosmos, how we interpret our observations, and whether we might need to rethink cosmology.

The APOGEE Treasure Trove

The APOGEE Treasure Trove

The three-year APOGEE survey was designed to target red giant stars in the Milky Way using near-infrared light, and today’s paper marks the final data release: half a million spectra of 146,000 stars. This treasure trove of data will be put to good use for years to come.