KELT: The Extremely Little Telescope

In the era of extremely large telescopes, let’s take look at the opposite end: the extremely little telescopes. KELT, or the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, is one of them.

Figure 1: The KELT-South telescope at the <a href="http://www.saao.ac.za/">South African Astronomical Observatory</a>. Figure 1 from the paper.

Figure 1: The KELT-South telescope at the South African Astronomical Observatory. Figure 1 from the paper.

KELT is a transiting exoplanet survey telescope. There are actually two KELTs: KELT-North at Winer Observatory in Arizona, and KELT-South at the South African Astronomical Observatory. Having telescopes in both hemispheres allows the KELT team to achieve complete coverage of the sky over the course of the year. Both telescopes are composed of a science-grade detector attached to a commercial camera lens with a 42mm aperture, on a computer controlled telescope mount, inside a smart weather-aware dome (see Figure 1).

KELT’s main science goal is to detect exoplanets using the transit method: KELT monitors stars for periodic brightness dips caused by orbiting planets passing in front of them. KELT has a large field of view, allowing for observations of a myriad of stars simultaneously. KELT focuses on breadth rather than depth, its search space being the nearest and brightest stars (specifically, KELT focuses on stars with 8 < V mag < 12).

A widely distributed approach to finding planets

Detecting planets around the nearest and brightest stars is especially interesting as these stars are easily accessible for follow-up verification using other telescopes. For this purpose, the KELT team has built a vast network of partners from other observatories all over the world (see Figure 2). Once the KELT science team has detected enough transits to accurately predict when the next transit of a given planet candidate will happen, they call up the KELT follow-up network to see if their prediction is correct, and to further characterize the planet’s orbit. If correct, KELT discovered a new planet.

kelt_map

Figure 2: KELT and the follow-up network: Locations of KELT-North, and KELT-South are shown in red. The location of follow-up observatories (blue pins) are distributed all over the world. Figure 2 from the paper.

Then, as the stars KELT focuses on are so bright, a plethora of other methods to characterize the planet are available. Larger, more precise telescopes, can be used to photometrically follow up future transits to precisely measure the radius of the planet. Precise spectroscopic follow-up can be used to measure the radial velocity (RV) variations of the host star, giving a measure of the planet’s mass. Combining radius and mass gives us the planet’s density, a handle on the planet’s bulk composition (is it a gas giant, or is it rocky?). Observing RV variations during a transit allows us to measure the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect (see astrobites on this effect here, here) to determine the orientation of the planet’s orbit with respect to the spin axis of its host star. And with detailed enough spectra during either primary (planet eclipses the star) or secondary transit (star eclipses the planet), we can measure the broad atmospheric composition of the planet.

A future of more planet discoveries

KELT has already detected a number of planets (see e.g. the discussion on KELT 1b, 2Ab, 3b, 4Ab, 6b, 7b, 8b, 10b, 14b, 15b in today’s paper), and the team has more discoveries on the way. Efforts such as KELT (check out also SuperWASPHATNet, MINERVA, MEarth, and Evryscope) prove that exciting astronomy can be done by smaller-scale telescopes. In fact, small ground-based wide-field transit surveys are very important in the exoplanet detection hierarchy: they allow us to single out the interesting stars that have evidence of orbiting planets, allowing us to allocate observational resources much more efficiently.

Disclaimer: I know people in the KELT science team. I just find small telescopes, and their capability to do interesting science so fascinating. This astrobite is for all the small telescopes—the exoplanet scouts—out there.

About Gudmundur Stefansson

I am a second year Ph.D. student in Astrophysics at Pennsylvania State University, where I work with Dr. Suvrath Mahadevan on building and testing various subsystems for the Habitable Zone Planet Finder (HPF) spectrograph. I did my B.Sc. in Physics at University of Iceland where I fabricated integrated optical devices with applications in biosensing in a nano-fabrication lab. When I'm not building instruments or writing for Astrobites, I try to get better at (timelapse) photography and MMA.

Trackbacks/Pingbacks

  1. May 26: More Warmth, More Humidity, More Storms | 4WARN Weather Blog - […] the other side of the spectrum, there is an “Extremely Little Telescope” being used for research as […]
  2. KELT-16b: a new benchmark for future exoplanet atmosphere studies | astrobites - […] was discovered by the The Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT; see astrobite here). The KELT program is composed of…
  3. KELT-16b, l'esopianeta "imprudente": orbita in modo pericolosamente irregolare intorno alla sua stella - Meteo Web - […] dei ‘giovani caldi’ (Hot Jupiter), scoperto grazie alle osservazioni condotte con il Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) e battezzato con…
  4. KELT-16b, l’esopianeta “imprudente”: orbita in modo pericolosamente irregolare intorno alla sua stella – Cloudcontent.today - […] dei ‘giovani caldi’ (Hot Jupiter), scoperto grazie alle osservazioni condotte con il Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) e battezzato…
  5. New information from an old result: planets in globular clusters | astrobites - […] the slow but steady pitter-patter of planets from wide-field ground-based surveys like SuperWASP, KELT, HAT, XO, MEarth, TRAPPIST, NGTS,…
  6. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds - Bonjournal-best Hub of News - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  7. Giant ‘Styrofoam’ Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds | Fleekist.com - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  8. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds – Who Knew News - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  9. Giant ‘Styrofoam’ Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds – News Articles - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  10. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds | - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  11. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds - Hydroponics Highway - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  12. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds - Weird - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  13. Large 'Styrofoam' Planet Might Assist Scientists Discover New Liveable Worlds ⋆ US-News.net | Latest News of the USA - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to 2 small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  14. Giant 'Styrofoam' Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds | Auto Test 2 - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  15. Giant ‘Styrofoam’ Planet Could Help Scientists Find New Habitable Worlds | Newsrust.com - […] stands for Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope, referring to two small robotic telescopes ― one in Arizona and one in…
  16. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars - SpaceFlight Insider - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  17. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars | Deluxous - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  18. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars | Femosty - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  19. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars – SpaceFlight Insider | Everyday News Update - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  20. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars - BirmMack - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  21. Astronomers find exoplanet hotter than most stars - […] data from the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT) administered by Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio; Vanderbilt University in…
  22. Finding the Brightest Exoplanet Hosts with MASCARA | astrobites - […] was discovered separately by two teams and presented simultaneously. The other paper, by the KELT team, can be found…
  23. From astrobites: “Finding the Brightest Exoplanet Hosts with MASCARA” | Science Springs - […] was discovered separately by two teams and presented simultaneously. The other paper, by the KELT team, can be found…
  24. What is the Transit Method? - Universe Today - […] there’s the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT), an astronomical survey jointly administered by Ohio State University, Vanderbilt […]
  25. What is the Transit Method? | Astronomers and Star Gazers - […] there’s the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT), an astronomical survey jointly administered by Ohio State University, Vanderbilt […]
  26. What is the Transit Method? – Renfrewshire Astronomical Society - […] there’s the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT), an astronomical survey jointly administered by Ohio State University, Vanderbilt […]
  27. What is the Transit Method? – The Science Page - […] there’s the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT), an astronomical survey jointly administered by Ohio State University, Vanderbilt […]
  28. Meet the AAS Keynote Speakers: Keivan Stassun | astrobites - […] into studying planet-hosting stars along with their planets. He currently works with the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT), a…
  29. This Planet is so Metal. Iron and Titanium Vapour Found in the Atmosphere of an “Ultra-Hot Jupiter” | Astronomers and Star Gazers - […] do this, they selected KELT-9b, which was originally discovered in 2017 by astronomers using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope(s)…
  30. This Planet is so Metal. Iron and Titanium Vapour Found in the Atmosphere of an “Ultra-Hot Jupiter” – Renfrewshire Astronomical Society - […] do this, they selected KELT-9b, which was originally discovered in 2017 by astronomers using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope(s)…
  31. This Planet is so Metal. Iron and Titanium Vapour Found in the Atmosphere of an “Ultra-Hot Jupiter” | OBLIVION - […] do this, they selected KELT-9b, which was originally discovered in 2017 by astronomers using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope(s)…
  32. This Planet is so Metal. Iron and Titanium Vapour Found in the Atmosphere of an “Ultra-Hot Jupiter” - wakajobs - Internet Wonders - […] do this, they selected KELT-9b, which was originally discovered in 2017 by astronomers using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope(s)…
  33. This Planet is so Metal. Iron and Titanium Vapour Found in the Atmosphere of an “Ultra-Hot Jupiter” | Sytec.News - […] do this, they selected KELT-9b, which was originally discovered in 2017 by astronomers using the Kilodegree Extremely Little Telescope(s)…

Leave a Reply